{"id":1108,"date":"2024-06-27T18:00:06","date_gmt":"2024-06-27T16:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sdmo-drustvo.si\/?p=1108"},"modified":"2024-07-06T15:06:10","modified_gmt":"2024-07-06T13:06:10","slug":"turbulent-sahel-le-sahel-sagite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sdmo-drustvo.si\/en\/turbulent-sahel-le-sahel-sagite\/","title":{"rendered":"Turbulent Sahel \/ Le Sahel s&#8217;agite"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Turbulent Sahel \/ Le Sahel s&#8217;agite &#8211; Dr Mohamed AMARA<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>27 June 2024<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Video available on YouTube (French\/ Slovenian): <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/xZFf9vUXJqA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/xZFf9vUXJqA<\/a><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"SDMO - Nemirni Sahel \/ Le Sahel s&#039;agite (Dr Mohamed AMARA)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xZFf9vUXJqA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Introduction by Amb. Marjan \u0160etinc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ladies and Gentlemen, Excellencies,<\/p>\n<p>As I mentioned in the cover letter for today\u2019s discussion, Africa is only marginally present in the discussions of the Slovenian Association of International Relations (SDMO). Today, however, we have a guest from one of Africa&#8217;s most troubled regions, Dr. Mohamed Amara from the University of Bamako, the capital of Mali.<\/p>\n<p>I warmly welcome him among us. The discussion will be moderated by Marjan \u0160etinc, President of the Slovenian Association of International Relations.<\/p>\n<p>First of all, a few introductory words on today\u2019s topic.\u00a0The Sahel is a special geographical and climatic zone of territory between the Sahara to the north and the savanna to the south, spanning Africa from Eritrea on the Red Sea to Senegal on the Atlantic Ocean and covering an area of over 3 million square kilometers. The countries traversed by this climatic and geographical zone cover about 7 million square kilometers with a population of 170 million people, most of whom live in the Sahel climate zone. The majority of this region, except for Sudan, Gambia, and Guinea-Bissau, was a French colonial territory, and the countries that gained independence in the 1960s retain their Francophone orientation\/identity. Little is known about the empires that existed here before the arrival of the French, but more is known about the colonialism that divided this region in the 1960s into the current countries of Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad, Burkina Faso&#8230;and severed some historical ties.<\/p>\n<p>The instability in these countries can certainly be attributed to the legacy of France&#8217;s colonial and post-colonial policies. By interfering in the political, security, economic (exploitation of natural resources), and social structures of these countries, France maintained a form of clientelism and powers favorable to it, often with corruptive practices and\/or creating friction between the peoples of these countries. Which has become one of the main triggers of conflicts and coups in these countries. Thus, the term &#8220;The belt of coups&#8221; is attributed to this region. Today, we have the military in power in six countries in the region: Mali, Chad, Niger, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Sudan.<br \/>\nMaybe I am exaggerating by asking if this is not an unfinished decolonization? That iwe can talk about breaking the colonial ties that have so deeply linked these countries to Paris, London&#8230; This is a conclusion that I could conclude from the recent withdrawal of French and American troops from Niger, and before that from Mali, as well as last year\u2019s proclamation of French as the &#8220;working language&#8221; alongside the 13 national languages in Mali.<\/p>\n<p>Once again, I welcome today\u2019s guest, Dr. Mohamed AMARA, who teaches politics at the University of Bamako and whose work focuses on democracy, citizenship, social inequalities, injustices, and narco-terrorism. He is also a researcher at the Max Weber Center in Lyon and the author of several works, including:<br \/>\n&#8220;Marchands d\u2019angoisse, Le Mali tel qu&#8217;il est, tel qu&#8217;il pourrait \u00eatre&#8221; (Ed Grandvaux, 2019)<br \/>\n&#8220;Le Mali r\u00eav\u00e9&#8221; (L\u2019Harmattan, 2015)<br \/>\n&#8220;L&#8217;Autom\u00e9diatisation, une autre forme de communication sociale&#8221; (L&#8217;Harmattan, 2013)<br \/>\nUpcoming in Autumn 2024: &#8220;Des mariages et des r\u00eaves&#8221;<br \/>\nIt is with great interest that I give the floor to Dr. Mohamed Amara, and at the same time, I ask the Afro-Slovenian, Ibrahim Nouhoum, to translate.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><b>LE SAHEL S&#8217;AGITE<\/b><\/p>\n<p><strong>27 Juin 2024<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;introduction par Amb. Marjan \u0160etinc<\/p>\n<p>Mesdames et Messieurs, Excellences<\/p>\n<p>Comme je l\u2019ai \u00e9crit dans la lettre d\u2019accompagnement du d\u00e9bat d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui, l\u2019Afrique n\u2019est que marginalement pr\u00e9sente dans les discussions de l&#8217;Association slov\u00e8ne des relations internationales (SDMO).\u00a0Cette fois-ci nous avons un invit\u00e9 de l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus troubl\u00e9es d\u2019Afrique, le <b>Dr Mohamed Amara de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Bamako, la capitale du Mali.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Je lui souhaite chaleureusement la bienvenue parmi nous. La discussion sera mod\u00e9r\u00e9e par Marjan \u0160etinc, pr\u00e9sident de l&#8217;Association slov\u00e8ne des relations internationales .<\/p>\n<p>Tout d\u2019abord, quelques mots d\u2019introduction sur le sujet d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui.<\/p>\n<p>Le Sahel est une zone g\u00e9ographique et climatique sp\u00e9ciale de territoire entre le Sahara au nord et la savane au sud, qui traverse l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019\u00c9rythr\u00e9e sur la mer Rouge jusqu&#8217;au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal sur l\u2019Oc\u00e9an Atlantique et couvre une superficie de plus de 3 millions de kilometres carr\u00e9s. Les pays travers\u00e9s par cette zone climatique g\u00e9ographique couvrent environ 7 millions de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s avec une population de 170 millions d\u2019habitants, la plupart de ces habitants vivent dans la zone climatique du Sahel. La majeure partie de cette r\u00e9gion, \u00e0 l\u2019exception du Soudan, de la Gambie et de la Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, \u00e9tait un territoire colonial fran\u00e7ais et les pays qui ont acc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance dans les ann\u00e9es 1960 conservent leur orientation\/identit\u00e9 francophone. On ne sait pas grand-chose des empires qui existaient ici avant l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des Fran\u00e7ais, mais on en sait un peu plus sur le colonialisme qui a divis\u00e9 cette r\u00e9gion, dans les ann\u00e9es 60 du 20\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, entre les pays actuels du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, de la Mauritanie, du Mali, du Niger, du Tchad, du Burkina Faso&#8230;et couper certains liens historiques.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019instabilit\u00e9 dans ces pays peut certainement \u00eatre attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00e9ritage des politiques coloniales et postcoloniales de la France.<\/p>\n<p>En s\u2019immis\u00e7ant dans les structures politiques, s\u00e9curitaires, \u00e9conomiques (exploitation des ressources naturelles) et sociales de ces pays, la France a maintenu une sorte de client\u00e9lisme\u00a0 et des pouvoirs qui lui sont favorables meme avec des pratiques de corruption ou la cr\u00e9ation des contradictions entre les peuples de ces pays . Ce\u00a0qui est devenu l\u2019un des principaux d\u00e9clencheurs de conflits et de coups d\u2019\u00c9tat dans ces pays (\u00e0 l\u2019instar des Britanniques au Soudan).<\/p>\n<p>Ainsi, le terme <b>\u201dLa ceinture de coups d\u2019\u00c9tat\u201d<\/b>\u00a0\u00a0y est attribu\u00e9. Aujourd\u2019hui, nous avons l\u2019 arm\u00e9e au pouvoir dans six pays de la r\u00e9gion : Mali, Tchad, Niger, Burkina Faso, Guin\u00e9e, Soudan.<\/p>\n<p>Peut-\u00eatre que j\u2019exag\u00e8re, en me demandant si ce n\u2019est pas une d\u00e9colonisation inachev\u00e9e ? Qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u00e9sormais de rompre les liens coloniaux qui ont si profond\u00e9ment li\u00e9 ces pays \u00e0 Paris, Londres&#8230;C\u2019est du moins ce que je pourrais conclure du r\u00e9cent retrait des troupes fran\u00e7aises et am\u00e9ricaines du Niger, et avant cela du Mali, ainsi que de la proclamation l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re du fran\u00e7ais comme \u00ab langue de travail \u00bb et des 13 langues nationales au Mali.<\/p>\n<p>Une fois de plus, je souhaite la bienvenue \u00e0 l\u2019invit\u00e9 d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui, le Dr Mohamed AMARA, qui enseigne la politique \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Bamako et dont les travaux portent sur la d\u00e9mocratie, la citoyennet\u00e9, les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s sociales, les injustices, le narcoterrorisme, il est \u00e9galement chercheur au Centre Max Weber de Lyon, et l\u2019auteur de plusieurs ouvrages, dont les suivants :<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Marchands d\u2019angoisse, Le Mali tel qu&#8217;il est, tel qu&#8217;il pourrait \u00eatre (Ed Grandvaux, 2019)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Le Mali r\u00eav\u00e9 (L\u2019Harmattan, 2015) &#8211; L&#8217;Autom\u00e9diatisation, une autre forme de communication sociale (L&#8217;Harmattan, 2013)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; A paraitre \u00e0 l\u2019automne 2024 : des mariages et des r\u00eaves<\/p>\n<p><b>C\u2019est avec beaucoup d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat que je donne la parole au Dr Mohamed Amara, et en m\u00eame temps je demande \u00e0 l\u2019Afro-Slov\u00e8ne, Ibrahim Nouhoum, de traduire.<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>27 June 2024<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-event","category-panel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sdmo-drustvo.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sdmo-drustvo.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sdmo-drustvo.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sdmo-drustvo.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sdmo-drustvo.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1108"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/sdmo-drustvo.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1108\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1119,"href":"https:\/\/sdmo-drustvo.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1108\/revisions\/1119"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sdmo-drustvo.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1108"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sdmo-drustvo.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1108"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sdmo-drustvo.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}